Determine the Flowrate if the Pressure in Each of the Gages Reads 50 Kpa
Problems 137
3.43 Air flows steadily through a horizontal 4-in.-bore piping and
exits into the atmosphere through a iii-in.-diameter nozzle. The veloc-
ity at the nozzle exit is 150 ft/s. Determine the pressure in the pipage if
viscid effects are negligible.
3.44 A fire hose nozzle has a diameter of in. According to some
burn down codes, the nozzle must be capable of delivering at to the lowest degree
250 gal min. If the nozzle is fastened to a 3-in.-diameter hose, what
pressure must be maintained just upstream of the nozzle to deliver
this flowrate?
3.45 Westater flowing from the 0.75-in.-diameter outlet shown in
Video V8.xiv and Fig. P3.45 rises 2.viii in. aboveastward the outlet. Deter-
mine the flowrate.
1
one
8
Q
2.viii in.
0.75 in.
F I M U R E P3.45
3.46 Popular (with the same properties every bit water) flows from a
4-in.-diameter pop container that contains iii holes as shown in
Fig. P3.46 (see Video 3.nine). The bore of each fluid stream is
0.15 in., and the distance between holes is 2 in. If viscous effects
are negligible and quasi-steady conditions are causeless, determine
the time at which the pop stops draining from the top hole. Presume
the popular surface is ii in. aboveastward the top hole when Compare
your results with the time you lot measure from the video.
t 0.
Surface at t = 0
ii in.
0.fifteen in.
2 in.
4 in.
2 in.
F I G U R E P3.46
Q
x m
one k
2 grand
p = fifty kPa
F I G U R E P3.47
3.47 Westater (assumed inviscid and incompressible) flows steadily
in the vertical variable-area pipage shown in Fig. P3.47. Determine
the flowrate if the pressure in each of the gages reads 50 kPa..
3.48 Air is drawn into a air current tunnel used for testing automobiles
as shown in Fig. P3.48. (a) Determine the manometer reading, h,
when the velocity in the test section is 60 mph. Notation that there is a
1-in. column of oil on the h2o in the manometer. (b) Determine
the deviation between the stagnation pressure on the front of the
machine and the pressure in the test section.
Wind tunnel
Fan
60 mph
h
Water
Open
1 in.
Oil (
SG = 0.9)
F I G U R E P3.48
iii.49 Pocket-sized-diameter, high-pressure liquid jets can exist used to cutting
various materials as shown in Fig. P3.49. If viscous effects are negli-
gible, estimate the force per unit area needed to produce a 0.10-mm-diam eter
water jet with a speed of 700 m s. Decide the flowrate.
0.1 mm
F I G U R Eastward P3.49
three.50 Water (assumed inviscid and incompressible) flows steadily
with a speed of x ft/southward from the big tank shown in Fig. P3.50. De-
termine the depth, H, of the layer of light liquid
that covers the water in the tank. 50 lb
ft
3
two
1 specific weight
50 lb/ft
3
four ft
v ft
10 ft/s
Water
H
F I 1000 U R Due east P3.fifty
3.51 Water flows through the pipage wrinkle shown in Fig. P3.51.
For the given 0.ii-m difference in manometer level, determine the
flowrate equally a part of the diameter of the small piping, D .
JWCL068_ch03_093-146.qxd 8/nineteen/08 10:30 PM Page 137
138 Chapter 3 ■ Elementary Fluid Dynamics—The Bernoulli Equation
iii.52 Westwardater flows through the pipe wrinkle shown in Fig. P3.52.
For the given 0.2-m difference in the manometer level, determine
the flowrate as a function of the bore of the pocket-size pipe, D .
0.two m
Q
0.ane m
D
F I Thou U R E P3.51
0.2 m
Q
0.ane grand
D
F I Thousand U R E P3.52
Q
0.1 k
0.2 m
D
F I Thousand U R E P3.53
3.53 Water flows through the piping wrinkle shown in Fig. P3.53.
For the given 0.ii-m difference in the manometer level, make up one's mind
the flowrate every bit a function of the diameter of the modest pipe, D .
3.54 A 0.15-thousand-diameter pipe discharges into a 0.x-m-diameter
pipe. Determine the velocity head in each pipage if they are carrying
of kerosene.
3.55 Carbon tetrachloride flows in a pipe of variable diameter with
negligible glutinous effects. At point A in the pipe the pressure and
velocity are 20 psi and 30 ft/due south, respectively. At location B the pres-
sure and velocity are 23 psi and 14 ft/s. Which point is at the higher
elevation and by how much?
3.56 The round stream of h2o from a faucet is observed to ta-
per from a diameter of xx mm to 10 mm in a altitude of l cm. De-
termine the flowrate.
3.57 Water is siphoned from the tank shown in Fig. P3.57. The
water barometer indicates a reading of xxx.2 ft. Decide the max-
imum value of h allowed without cavitation occurring. Annotation that
the pressure level of the vapor in the airtight end of the barometer equals
the vapor pressure.
three.58 As shown in Fig. P3.58, h2o from a large reservoir flows
without viscous furnishings through a siphon of diameter D and into a
tank. It exits from a hole in the bottom of the tank as a stream of di-
ameter d . The surface of the reservoir remains H above the bottom
0.12 thousand
three
s
of the tank. For steady-state conditions, the water depth in the tank,
h, is constant. Plot a graph of the depth ratio h/H as a function of the
diameter ratio d/D .
iii.59 A shine plastic, x-grand-long garden hose with an within diam-
eter of twenty mm is used to drain a wading pool as is shown in Fig. P3.59.
If viscous effects are neglected, what is the flowrate from the pool?
30.2 ft
6 ft
3-in.
diameter
h
Closed end
5-in. diameter
F I G U R E P3.57
h
H
d
D
F I M U R E P3.58
0.two m
0.23 m
F I G U R E P3.59
8 ft
6-in. diameter
4-in. bore
(1)
h
V = xvi ft/s
F I 1000 U R E P3.60
iii.60 Westwardater exits a pipe every bit a free jet and flows to a height h higher up
the exit airplane as shown in Fig. P3.60. The flow is steady, incom-
pressible, and frictionless. (a) Determine the height h. (b) Deter-
mine the velocity and pressure at section (one).
JWCL068_ch03_093-146.qxd eight/19/08 10:30 PM Folio 138
Problems 139
3.61 Water flows steadily from a large, closed tank as shown in
Fig. P3.61. The deflection in the mercury manometer is one in. and
viscous effects are negligible. (a) Determine the volume flowrate.
(b) Determine the air pressure level in the space abovdue east the surface of the
water in the tank.
8 ft
iii-in. diameter
ane-ft diameter
Mercury
1 in.
Air
F I G U R East P3.61
F I Yard U R Eastward P3.67
F I One thousand U R East P3.68
F I G U R East P3.63
3.62 Claret ( SG ane) flows with a 5elocity of 0.5 thousand/southward in an artery.
It then enters an aneurysm in the avenue (i.e., an expanse of weakened
and stretched avenue walls that crusade a ballooning of the vessel)
whose cross-exclusive expanse is 1.8 times that of the artery. Determine
the pressure difference between the blood in the aneurysm and that
in the avenue. Assume the menses is steady and insticky.
3.63 Water flows steadily through the variable area piping shown in
Fig. P3.63 with negligible viscous effects. Decide the manome-
ter reading, H, if the flowrate is 0.5 thousand
3
/s and the density of the
manometer fluid is 600 kg/one thousand
3
.
H
Area = 0.05 m
2
Area = 0.07 thou
2
Density = 600 kg/k
3
iii.64 Westater flows steadily with negligible gummy effects through
the pipe shown in Fig. P3.64. It is known that the 4-in.-diameter
section of sparse-walled tubing will plummet if the pressure level within it
becomes less than 10 psi below atmospheric pressure. Determine
the maximum value that h can have without causing collapse of the
tubing.
4-in.-diameter thin-walled tubing
vi in.
h
iv ft
3.65 Helium flows through a 0.30-m-bore horizontal pipe
with a temperature of and a pressure of 200 kPa (abs) at a charge per unit 20 °C
F I Thousand U R Due east P3.64
of 0.30 kg/s. If the pipe reduces to 0.25-1000-diameter determine the
force per unit area difference between these two sections. Assume incom-
pressible, inglutinous flow.
3.66 Water is pumped from a lake through an 8-in. pipage at a charge per unit of
If glutinous effects are negligible, what is the pressure in the
suction pipe anethe pipe between the lake and the pumptwo at an eleva-
tion 6 ft above the lake?
3.67 Air flows through a 5enturi aqueduct of rectangular cantankerous sec-
tion as shown in Video V3.10 and Fig. P3.67. The constant width of
the channel is 0.06 k and the height at the exit is 0.04 m. Com-
pressibility and viscous effects are negligible. (a) Decide the
flowrate when due westater is drawn upwards 0.10 m in a small tube attached
to the static pressure tap at the pharynx where the aqueduct elevation is
0.02 thou. (b) Determine the channel acme, at section (two)
where, for the same flowrate as in part (a), the water is drawn upwards
0.05 thou. (c) Decide the pressure needed at section (one) to pro-
duce this flow.
h
2
,
10 ft
3
s.
Q
Air
0.02m
0.04 m
0.x m
Water
0.05 m
0.04 1000
(2)
(1)
b = width = 0.06 m
h
2
Free jet
3.68 Water flows steadily from the large open tank shown in Fig.
P3.68. If viscous furnishings are negligible, determine (a) the flowrate,
Q, and (b) the manometer reading, h.
0.10 grand
0.08 m
two m
iv m
Q
h
Mercury
iii.69 Water from a faucet fills a 16-oz glass (volume 28.ix in.
3
) in
20 south. If the bore of the jet leaving the faucet is 0.sixty in., what is
the diameter of the jet when it strikes the water surface in the glass
which is positioned 14 in. below the faucet?
three.70 Air flows steadily through a converging–diverging rectangu-
lar channel of abiding width as shown in Fig. P3.70 and Video
V3.10. The height of the aqueduct at the exit and the exit velocity
are and respectively. The channel is to exist shaped so that the
altitude, d , that water is drawn upwards into tubes attached to static
pressure taps along the channel wall is linear with distance along
the channel. That is, where L is the channel length
and is the maximum water depth (at the minimum channel
height; ). Determine the height, as a function of x and
the other of import parameters.
H i x 2 , x L
d
max
d ane d
max
50 2 10,
V
0
, H
0
JWCL068_ch03_093-146.qxd 8/19/08 10:30 PM Folio 139
*3.71 The device shown in Fig. P3.71 is used to spray an appro-
priate mixture of h2o and insecticide. The flowrate from tank A is
to be Q
A
0.02 gal/min when the h2o flowrate through the hose
is Q 1 gal/min. Determine the pressure needed at point (1) and
the bore, D, of the device For the diameter adamant above,
plot the ratio of insecticide flowrate to westater flowrate as a office
of water flowrate, Q , for gal/min. Can this device be
used to provide a reasonably constant ratio of insecticide to water
regardless of the water flowrate? Explicate.
0.1 Q 1
3.74 Air at and 14.7 psia flows into the tank shown in Fig.
P3.74. Determine the flowrate in lb s, and slugs s. Assume in-
compressible flow.
ft
three
south,
fourscore °F
three.75 Water flows from a large tank as shown in Fig. P3.75. At-
mospheric pressure is 14.five psia, and the vapor pressure is ane.lx psia.
If mucilaginous effects are neglected, at what meridian, h, will cavitation
begin? To avoid cavitation, should the value of exist increased or
decreased? To avert cavitation, should the value of be increased
or decreased? Explicate.
D
two
D
ane
140 Affiliate 3 ■ Elementary Fluid Dynamics—The Bernoulli Equation
Water
d
max
d
Q
Air
H(x) H
0
x = 0
x = L
V
0
L
x
F I G U R E P3.seventy
F I G U R Eastward P3.74
F I Chiliad U R Due east P3.75
F I 1000 U R E P3.71
F I Thou U R E P3.72
F I G U R E P3.73
(1)
D
Q + Q
A
= Q
0.10-in. bore
0.015-in.
bore
Insecticide
Water
Q
A
A
Q
h = 6 in.
SG = 1.0
three.72 If viscous effects are neglected and the tank is big, deter-
mine the flowrate from the tank shown in Fig. P3.72.
Water
Oil,
SG = 0.81
2 m
0.7 m
fifty-mm
diameter
Oil SG = 0.7
Open
1.2 yard
1 yard
one.five grand
2 m
Q
0.6-in.
bore
0.five in. Hg vacuum
Pump
D
3
= 4 in.
D
1
= 1 in.
D
2
= two in.
h
3.76 Westater flows into the sink shown in Fig. P3.76 and Video
V5.1 at a rate of 2 gal min. If the drain is closed, the westater will
eventually flow through the overflow bleed holes rather than over
the edge of the sink. How humany 0.four-in.-diameter drain holes are
needed to ensure that the water does not overflow the sink? Neglect
viscous effects.
three.73 Water flows steadily downward in the pipe shown in Fig.
3.73 with negligible losses. Determine the flowrate.
JWCL068_ch03_093-146.qxd 8/nineteen/08 ten:31 PM Page 140
3.78 Water is siphoned from the tank shown in Fig. P3.78. Deter-
mine the flowrate from the tank and the pressures at points i1ii, 1two2,
and 13ii if pasty effects are negligible.
3.79 Westwardater is siphoned from a large tank and discharges into
the temper through a ii-in.-diameter tube as shown in Fig.
P3.79. The end of the tube is 3 ft belodue west the tank lesser, and vis-
cous furnishings are negligible. (a) Determine the volume flowrate
from the tank. (b) Determine the maximum peak, H , over
which the water can be siphoned without cavitation occurring.
Atmospheric pressure is xiv.7 psia, and the h2o vapor pressure
is 0.26 psia.
3.81 Air flows steadily through the variable surface area piping shown in
Fig. P3.81. Determine the flowrate if gluey and compressibility
effects are negligible.
3.82 JP-4 fuel flows through the 5enturi meter
shown in Fig. P3.82 with a fiveelocity of xv ft due south in the 6-in. piping.
If glutinous effects are negligible, determine the elevation, h ,of
the fuel in the open tube connected to the pharynx of the Venturi
meter.
i SG 0.77 2
Problems
141
F I Yard U R East P3.77
F I G U R Due east P3.78
F I M U R Eastward P3.lxxx
F I Grand U R E P3.81
F I Thousand U R Due east P3.79
F I G U R E P3.76
3.77 What force per unit area, is needed to produce a flowrate of
0.09 from the tank shown in Fig. P3.77?
ft
three
due south
p
one
,
Q = ii gal/min
ane in.
0.iv-in. diameter
holes
Stopper
Air
p
i
Gasoline
Table salt water
SG = 1.1
0.06-ft diameter
iii.six ft
2.0 ft
(one)
(2)
(3)
five ft
four ft
0.1 ft
3 ft
H
ii-in. diameter
three ft
ix ft
3.80 Determine the manometer reading, h, for the period shown in
Fig. P3.lxxx.
h
0.37 m
0.05-m diameter
Free
jet
0.08-thousand
diameter
0.ane m
H2o
0.1 m
0.2 m
JWCL068_ch03_093-146.qxd eight/xix/08 x:31 PM Page 141
3.85 Westwardater, considered an ingluey, incompressible fluid, flows
steadily every bit shown in Fig. P3.85. Determine h.
3.86 Determine the flowrate through the submerged orifice shown
in Fig. P3.86 if the contraction coefficient is C
c
0.63.
*iii.87 An inexpensive timer is to be made from a funnel as indi-
cated in Fig. P3.87. The funnel is filled to the peak with h2o and the
plug is removed at time t 0 to let the h2o to run out. Marks
are to be placed on the wall of the funnel indicating the time in xv-southward
intervals, from 0 to 3 min (at which time the funnel becomes empty).
If the funnel outlet has a bore of d 0.ane in., describe to scale the
funnel with the timing marks for funnels with angles of , 45,
and sixty°. Repeat the problem if the diameter is changed to 0.05 in.
u 30
142 Chapter 3 ■ Simple Fluid Dynamics—The Bernoulli Equation
0.8 ft
5 ft
Q
A
= l in.
2
A = 20 in.
2
Oil
SG = 0.86
SG = 2.5
F I G U R Due east P3.84
F I G U R E P3.85
0.5-ft diameter 1-ft bore
Q = four ft
3
/s
3 ft
Water
Air
h
d
q
fifteen
30
45
1:00
Plug
1:15
F I G U R Due east P3.87
2 ft
0.i in.
90°
F I Yard U R E P3.88
*3.89 A spherical tank of diameter D has a drain hole of bore
d at its lesser. A vent at the pinnacle of the tank maintains atmospheric
pressure at the liquid surface inside the tank. The flow is quasi-
steady and inviscid and the tank is full of h2o initially. Determine
the h2o depth as a office of time, and plot graphs of
h 1t2 for tank diameters of 1, 5, ten, and xx ft if
3.90 When the bleed plug is pulled, h2o flows from a hole in the
bottom of a large, open up cylindrical tank. Bear witness that if viscous ef-
fects are negligible and if the flodue west is causeless to be quasisteady,
then it takes 3.41 times longer to empty the unabridged tank than it does
to empty the get-go one-half of the tank. Explain why this is so.
*3.91 The surface surface area, A , of the pond shown in Fig. P3.91 varies
with the water depth, h, every bit shown in the tabular array. At time a valve is t 0
d 1 in.
h h 1 t 2 ,
F I K U R E P3.82
5 = 15 ft/s
h
6 in.
8 in.
iv in.
JP-iv fuel
half dozen ft
6 in.
20°
three.83 Repeat Problem 3.82 if the flowing fluid is water rather than
JP-four fuel.
3.84 Oil flows through the organization shown in Fig. P3.84 with negli-
gible losses. Determine the flowrate.
ii ft
6 ft
4 ft
3-in.
diameter
F I One thousand U R E P3.86
3.88 A long water trough of triangular cross department is formed from
two planks as is shown in Fig. P3.88. A gap of 0.1 in. remains at the
junction of the ii planks. If the h2o depth initially wequally 2 ft, how
long a time does it take for the h2o depth to reduce to 1 ft?
JWCL068_ch03_093-146.qxd eight/19/08 10:31 PM Page 142
3.92 Westater flows through a horizontal branching piping equally shown in
Fig. P3.92. Determine the pressure at department (3).
iii.93 Due westater flows through the horizontal branching pipe shown in
Fig. P3.93 at a charge per unit of If viscid effects are negligible, de-
termine the h2o speed at section 1two2, the pressure at section 132,
and the flowrate at department 1iv2.
10 ft
3
south.
three.94 Water flows from a large tank through a big pipe that splits
into two smaller pipes as shown in Fig. P3.94. If viscous effects are
negligible, determine the flowrate from the tank and the pressure at
betoken i12.
three.95 An air absorber vehicle is supported by forcing air into the
chamber created past a skirt around the periphery of the vehicle as
shown in Fig. P3.95. The air escapes through the 3-in. clearance exist-
tween the lower end of the skirt and the ground (or due westater). Assume
the vehicle weighs 10,000 lb and is essentially rectangular in shape,
30 past 65 ft. The volume of the chamber is large enough then that the
kinetic energy of the air within the chamber is negligible. Deter-
mine the flowrate, Q, needed to support the vehicle. If the ground
clearance were reduced to 2 in., what flowrate due westould exist needed? If
the vehicle weight were reduced to 5000 lb and the basis clear-
ance maintained at 3 in., what flowrate would be needed?
3.96 Westwardater flows from the pipe shown in Fig. P3.96 as a free jet and
strikes a circular flat plate. The flow geometry shown is axisymmet-
rical. Determine the flowrate and the manometer reading, H .
3.97 Air flows from a hole of bore 0.03 m in a apartment plate as
shown in Fig. P3.97. A circular disk of diameter D is placed a dis-
tance h from the lower plate. The pressure in the tank is maintained
at 1 kPa. Determine the flowrate as a function of h if pasty
Problems
143
Area A
h
D
3 ft
F I G U R E P3.91
F I G U R East P3.92
F I G U R E P3.95
h (ft) A [acres (i acre ⫽ 43,560 ft
2
)]
00
2 0.3
4 0.5
six 0.eight
8 0.9
10 1.one
12 1.v
fourteen 1.8
16 ii.4
xviii two.eight
5
1
= four m/s
p
i
= 400 kPa
A
1
= 0.i 1000
2
V
two
V
3
p
two
= 350 kPa
A
3
= 0.07 1000
2
A
two
= 0.02 chiliad
2
(ii)
(3)
(one)
A
1
= 1 ft
2
Q
ane
= 10 ft
3
/s
p
i
= 10 psi
A
two
= 0.07 ft
2
p
2
= 5.0 psi
(two)
A
3
= 0.two ft
2
V
3
= 20 ft /s
(4)
(3)
(i)
F I G U R E P3.93
F I Chiliad U R E P3.96
7 chiliad
3 g
0.05-m diameter
0.03-m bore
0.02-k diameter
(1)
F I G U R E P3.94
Skirt
Fan
Vehicle
three in.
Q
5
0.2 m
0.01-chiliad
diameter
0.4 mm
0.one-1000
diameter
H
Q
Pipage
opened and the pond is allowed to bleed through a pipage of diameter D .
If sticky furnishings are negligible and quasisteady weather are every bit-
sumed, plot the water depth as a function of fourth dimension from when the valve
is opened until the pond is drained for piping diameters of
and iii.0 ft. Assume at . t 0 h 18 ft D 0.v, one.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.five,
ane t 0 2
JWCL068_ch03_093-146.qxd 8/19/08 10:31 PM Page 143
3.99 Due westater flows steadily from a nozzle into a large tank as shown
in Fig. P3.99. The water so flows from the tank as a jet of diame-
ter d . Determine the fivealue of d if the water level in the tank remains
constant. Fiveiscous effects are negligible.
three.100 A small bill of fare is placed on tiptop of a spool every bit shown in
Fig. P3.100. It is not possible to blow the bill of fare off the spool by
blowing air through the hole in the center of the spool. The harder
one blows, the harder the card "sticks" to the spool. In fact, by
blowing hard enough it is possible to 1000eep the card against the
spool with the spool turned upside down. 1Notation: It may be neces-
sary to utilize a thumb tack to prevent the card from sliding from the
spool.2 Explain this phenomenon.
three.101 Water flows down the sloping ramp shown in Fig. P3.101
with negligible sticky effects. The flowest is uniform at sections 1ane2
and 12ii . For the conditions given, testify that 3 solutions for the
downstream depth, are obtained by use of the Bernoulli and con-
tinuity equations. However, show that only 2 of these solutions
are realistic. Determine these values.
h
2
,
3.102 Water flows in a rectangular channel that is ii.0 k wide as
shown in Fig. P3.102. The upstream depth is seventy mm. The h2o sur-
confront rises 40 mm as it passes over a portion where the channel bottom
rises 10 mm. If viscid effects are negligible, what is the flowrate?
*three.103 Westwardater flows up the ramp shown in Fig. P3.103 with negligi-
ble pasty losses. The upstream depth and velocity are maintained at
and Plot a graph of the downstream depth,
as a function of the ramp elevation, H , for Note that
for each value of H there are three solutions, not all of which are re-
alistic.
0 H two m. h
2
,
V
1
six m
s. h
1
0.three m
144 Chapter 3 ■ Elementary Fluid Dynamics—The Bernoulli Equation
0.23 m
Q = 0.50 m
3
/s
Pipe
Free jet
0.20 one thousand
V
V
0.02 m
Cone
F I Yard U R E P3.98
F I M U R E P3.99
1 ft
3 ft
four ft
d
0.fifteen-ft diameter
0.ane-ft diameter
Q
Card
Spool
F I Chiliad U R East P3.100
V
i
= 10 ft/due south
h
1
= one ft
h
2
H = 2 ft
V
2
F I G U R E P3.101
F I G U R E P3.102
F I K U R Eastward P3.103
Q
10 mm
100 mm
70 mm
V
1
= 6 m/s
V
2
H
h
2
h
i
= 0.3 grand
effects and elevation changes are causeless negligible and the flow
exits radially from the circumference of the circular disk with uni-
form velocity.
3.98 A conical plug is used to regulate the air flow from the
pipe shown in Fig. P3.98. The air leaves the edge of the cone
with a compatible thickness of 0.02 m. If viscous furnishings are negli-
gible and the flowrate is determine the pressure
within the pipe.
0.fifty m
3
southward,
F I Chiliad U R E P3.97
p = 1.0 kPa
h
D
= 0.fifteen yard
0.03-m diameter
Tank
Plate
JWCL068_ch03_093-146.qxd 8/19/08 10:31 PM Page 144
3.107 For what flowrate through the Venturi meter of Problem
iii.106 volition cavitation begin if kPa gage, atmospheric pres-
sure is 101 kPa 1abstwo , and the vapor pressure is 3.half dozen kPa aneabs2?
3.108 What diameter orifice pigsty, d, is needed if under ideal con-
ditions the flowrate through the orifice meter of Fig. P3.108 is to be
30 gal min of oceanwater with The contrac-
tion coefficient is assumed to exist 0.63.
p
one
p
2
2.37 lb
in.
2
?
p
1
275
3.109 Water flows over a weir plate (run into Video V10.thirteen) which has
a parabolic opening equally shown in Fig. P3.109. That is, the opening in
the weir plate has a width where C is a constant. Determine
the functional dependence of the flowrate on the caput, Q Q 1 H 2 .
CH
1
2
,
3.110 A weir (see Video V10.13) of trapezoidal cantankerous section is
used to measure out the flowrate in a aqueduct as shown in Fig. P3.110.
If the flowrate is when what flowrate is expected
when H / ?
H /
2, Q
0
3.111 The flowrate in a water channel is sometimes determined past
use of a device called a Venturi flume. Equally shown in Fig. P3.111, this
device consists only of a hump on the lesser of the channel. If
the h2o surface dips a distance of 0.07 yard for the weather
shown, what is the flowrate per width of the channel? Assume the
velocity is uniform and viscous effects are negligible.
3.112 Water flows nether the inclined sluice gate shown in
Fig. P3.112. Determine the flowrate if the gate is eight ft wide.
Department three.seven The Energy Line and the Hydraulic
Grade Line
three.113 Water flows in a vertical pipe of 0.15-chiliad diameter at a rate of
and a pressure level of 200 kPa at an elevation of 25 m. Decide
the velocity caput and force per unit area caput at elevations of 20 and 55 m.
3.114 Draw the free energy line and the hydraulic grade line for the
flow shown in Problem 3.78.
3.115 Draw the energy line and the hydraulic grade line for the
flow of Problem 3.75.
3.116 Describe the free energy line and hydraulic form line for the flow
shown in Problem iii.64.
Section iii.8 Restrictions on the Utilize of the Bernoulli
Equation
3.117 Obtain a photograph/image of a flow in which it would not
be appropriate to use the Bernoulli equation. Print this photo and
write a brief paragraph that describes the state of affairs involved.
0.2 m
iii
s
Problems
145
Section 3.6.3 Flowrate Measurement (Also encounter Lab
Problems 3.119 and 3.121.)
iii.104 Obtain a photo/paradigm of a situation that involves some
type of flow meter. Impress this photo and write a brief paragraph that
describes the situation involved.
3.105 A Venturi meter with a minimum diameter of three in. is to be
used to measure the flowrate of due westater through a 4-in.-bore
pipage. Make up one's mind the force per unit area difference indicated by the pressure
gage fastened to the flow meter if the flowrate is 0.v ft
3
/southward and vis-
cous effects are negligible.
3.106 Make up one's mind the flowrate through the Fiveenturi meter shown in
Fig. P3.106 if ideal weather condition be.
F I 1000 U R E P3.108
F I G U R E P3.109
F I G U R East P3.112
F I G U R E P3.110
F I G U R E P3.111
F I G U R East P3.106
p
1
= 735 kPa
p
two
= 550 kPa
Q
19 mm
31 mm
γ
= ix.i kN/m
3
p
1
p
2
2-in.
diameter
d
Q
Q
CH
1/2
H
H
30°
0.07 m
0.2 g
1.2 m
Five
two
Five
1
half-dozen ft
1.6 ft
1 ft
30°
JWCL068_ch03_093-146.qxd 8/19/08 10:31 PM Page 145
■ Lab Problems
3.118 This problem involves the pressure distribution betwixt
two parallel circular plates. To keep with this problem, go to Ap-
pendix H which is located on the book's web site, www.wiley.com/
college/munson.
3.119 This problem involves the scale of a nozzle-blazon
flow meter. To keep with this problem, go to Appendix H which
is located on the book'due south web site, www.wiley.com/college/munson.
iii.120 This problem involves the pressure distribution in a ii-
dimensional channel. To proceed with this trouble, go to Appen-
dix H which is located on the book's web site, world wide web.wiley.com/
college/munson.
three.121 This trouble involves the determination of the flowrate united nations-
der a sluice gate as a office of the water depth. To proceed with
this problem, go to A ppendix H which is located on the book's spider web
site, www.wiley.com/college/munson.
■ Life Long Learning Problems
three.122 The concept of the use of a Pitot-static tube to measure out the
airspeed of an plane is rather straightforward. However, the de-
sign and manufacture of reliable, accurate, inexpensive Pitot-static
tube airspeed indicators is not necessarily simple. Obtain informa-
tion about the design and structure of modern Pitot-static tubes.
Summarize your findings in a brief report.
3.123 In recent years damage due to hurricanes has been signifi-
deceit, particularly in the southeastern United states of america. The low baro-
metric pressure, high winds, and high tides generated by hurri-
canes can combine to cause considerable damage. According to
some experts, in the coming years hurricane frequency may in-
crease because of global warming. Obtain information about the
fluid mechanics of hurricanes. Summarize your findings in a brief
report.
three.124 Orifice, nozzle, or Fiveenturi flow meters take been used for a
long fourth dimension to predict accurately the flowrate in pipes. However, re-
cently at that place have been several new concepts suggested or used for
such flowrate measurements. Obtain information about new meth-
ods to obtain piping flowrate information. Summarize your findings
in a brief report.
3.125 Ultra-high-pressure level, thin jets of liquids can be used to cut
various materials ranging from leather to steel and beyond. Ob-
tain information about new methods and techniques proposed for
liquid jet cut and investigate how they may modify various
manufacturing processes. Summarize your findings in a brief
report.
■ FE Test Bug
Sample FE (Fundamentals of Engineering) test questions for fluid
mechanics are provided on the book'southward spider web site, www.wiley.com/
college/munson.
146 Chapter 3 ■ Elementary Fluid Dynamics—The Bernoulli Equation
JWCL068_ch03_093-146.qxd 8/19/08 ten:31 PM Folio 146
Determine the Flowrate if the Pressure in Each of the Gages Reads 50 Kpa
Source: https://www.studmed.ru/view/munson-br-fundamentals-of-fluid-mechanics_4bbd3d50807.html?page=17