Determine the Flowrate if the Pressure in Each of the Gages Reads 50 Kpa

Problems 137

3.43 Air flows steadily through a horizontal 4-in.-bore piping and

exits into the atmosphere through a iii-in.-diameter nozzle. The veloc-

ity at the nozzle exit is 150 ft/s. Determine the pressure in the pipage if

viscid effects are negligible.

3.44 A fire hose nozzle has a diameter of in. According to some

burn down codes, the nozzle must be capable of delivering at to the lowest degree

250 gal min. If the nozzle is fastened to a 3-in.-diameter hose, what

pressure must be maintained just upstream of the nozzle to deliver

this flowrate?

3.45 Westater flowing from the 0.75-in.-diameter outlet shown in

Video V8.xiv and Fig. P3.45 rises 2.viii in. aboveastward the outlet. Deter-

mine the flowrate.

one

2.viii in.

0.75 in.

F I M U R E P3.45

3.46 Popular (with the same properties every bit water) flows from a

4-in.-diameter pop container that contains iii holes as shown in

Fig. P3.46 (see Video 3.nine). The bore of each fluid stream is

0.15 in., and the distance between holes is 2 in. If viscous effects

are negligible and quasi-steady conditions are causeless, determine

the time at which the pop stops draining from the top hole. Presume

the popular surface is ii in. aboveastward the top hole when Compare

your results with the time you lot measure from the video.

t  0.

Surface at t = 0

ii in.

0.fifteen in.

2 in.

4 in.

2 in.

F I G U R E P3.46

x m

one k

2 grand

p = fifty kPa

F I G U R E P3.47

3.47 Westater (assumed inviscid and incompressible) flows steadily

in the vertical variable-area pipage shown in Fig. P3.47. Determine

the flowrate if the pressure in each of the gages reads 50 kPa..

3.48 Air is drawn into a air current tunnel used for testing automobiles

as shown in Fig. P3.48. (a) Determine the manometer reading, h,

when the velocity in the test section is 60 mph. Notation that there is a

1-in. column of oil on the h2o in the manometer. (b) Determine

the deviation between the stagnation pressure on the front of the

machine and the pressure in the test section.

Wind tunnel

Fan

60 mph

Water

Open

1 in.

Oil (

SG = 0.9)

F I G U R E P3.48

iii.49 Pocket-sized-diameter, high-pressure liquid jets can exist used to cutting

various materials as shown in Fig. P3.49. If viscous effects are negli-

gible, estimate the force per unit area needed to produce a 0.10-mm-diam eter

water jet with a speed of 700 m s. Decide the flowrate.

0.1 mm

F I G U R Eastward P3.49

three.50 Water (assumed inviscid and incompressible) flows steadily

with a speed of x ft/southward from the big tank shown in Fig. P3.50. De-

termine the depth, H, of the layer of light liquid

that covers the water in the tank. 50 lb



two

1 specific weight 

50 lb/ft

four ft

v ft

10 ft/s

Water

F I 1000 U R Due east P3.fifty

3.51 Water flows through the pipage wrinkle shown in Fig. P3.51.

For the given 0.ii-m difference in manometer level, determine the

flowrate equally a part of the diameter of the small piping, D .

JWCL068_ch03_093-146.qxd 8/nineteen/08 10:30 PM Page 137

138 Chapter 3 ■ Elementary Fluid Dynamics—The Bernoulli Equation

iii.52 Westwardater flows through the pipe wrinkle shown in Fig. P3.52.

For the given 0.2-m difference in the manometer level, determine

the flowrate as a function of the bore of the pocket-size pipe, D .

0.two m

0.ane m

F I Thou U R E P3.51

0.2 m

0.ane grand

F I Thousand U R E P3.52

0.1 k

0.2 m

F I Thousand U R E P3.53

3.53 Water flows through the piping wrinkle shown in Fig. P3.53.

For the given 0.ii-m difference in the manometer level, make up one's mind

the flowrate every bit a function of the diameter of the modest pipe, D .

3.54 A 0.15-thousand-diameter pipe discharges into a 0.x-m-diameter

pipe. Determine the velocity head in each pipage if they are carrying

of kerosene.

3.55 Carbon tetrachloride flows in a pipe of variable diameter with

negligible glutinous effects. At point A in the pipe the pressure and

velocity are 20 psi and 30 ft/due south, respectively. At location B the pres-

sure and velocity are 23 psi and 14 ft/s. Which point is at the higher

elevation and by how much?

3.56 The round stream of h2o from a faucet is observed to ta-

per from a diameter of xx mm to 10 mm in a altitude of l cm. De-

termine the flowrate.

3.57 Water is siphoned from the tank shown in Fig. P3.57. The

water barometer indicates a reading of xxx.2 ft. Decide the max-

imum value of h allowed without cavitation occurring. Annotation that

the pressure level of the vapor in the airtight end of the barometer equals

the vapor pressure.

three.58 As shown in Fig. P3.58, h2o from a large reservoir flows

without viscous furnishings through a siphon of diameter D and into a

tank. It exits from a hole in the bottom of the tank as a stream of di-

ameter d . The surface of the reservoir remains H above the bottom

0.12 thousand

three



of the tank. For steady-state conditions, the water depth in the tank,

h, is constant. Plot a graph of the depth ratio h/H as a function of the

diameter ratio d/D .

iii.59 A shine plastic, x-grand-long garden hose with an within diam-

eter of twenty mm is used to drain a wading pool as is shown in Fig. P3.59.

If viscous effects are neglected, what is the flowrate from the pool?

30.2 ft

6 ft

3-in.

diameter

Closed end

5-in. diameter

F I G U R E P3.57

F I M U R E P3.58

0.two m

0.23 m

F I G U R E P3.59

8 ft

6-in. diameter

4-in. bore

(1)

V = xvi ft/s

F I 1000 U R E P3.60

iii.60 Westwardater exits a pipe every bit a free jet and flows to a height h higher up

the exit airplane as shown in Fig. P3.60. The flow is steady, incom-

pressible, and frictionless. (a) Determine the height h. (b) Deter-

mine the velocity and pressure at section (one).

JWCL068_ch03_093-146.qxd eight/19/08 10:30 PM Folio 138

Problems 139

3.61 Water flows steadily from a large, closed tank as shown in

Fig. P3.61. The deflection in the mercury manometer is one in. and

viscous effects are negligible. (a) Determine the volume flowrate.

(b) Determine the air pressure level in the space abovdue east the surface of the

water in the tank.

8 ft

iii-in. diameter

ane-ft diameter

Mercury

1 in.

Air

F I G U R East P3.61

F I Yard U R Eastward P3.67

F I One thousand U R East P3.68

F I G U R East P3.63

3.62 Claret ( SG  ane) flows with a 5elocity of 0.5 thousand/southward in an artery.

It then enters an aneurysm in the avenue (i.e., an expanse of weakened

and stretched avenue walls that crusade a ballooning of the vessel)

whose cross-exclusive expanse is 1.8 times that of the artery. Determine

the pressure difference between the blood in the aneurysm and that

in the avenue. Assume the menses is steady and insticky.

3.63 Water flows steadily through the variable area piping shown in

Fig. P3.63 with negligible viscous effects. Decide the manome-

ter reading, H, if the flowrate is 0.5 thousand

/s and the density of the

manometer fluid is 600 kg/one thousand

Area = 0.05 m

Area = 0.07 thou

Density = 600 kg/k

iii.64 Westater flows steadily with negligible gummy effects through

the pipe shown in Fig. P3.64. It is known that the 4-in.-diameter

section of sparse-walled tubing will plummet if the pressure level within it

becomes less than 10 psi below atmospheric pressure. Determine

the maximum value that h can have without causing collapse of the

tubing.

4-in.-diameter thin-walled tubing

vi in.

iv ft

3.65 Helium flows through a 0.30-m-bore horizontal pipe

with a temperature of and a pressure of 200 kPa (abs) at a charge per unit 20 °C

F I Thousand U R Due east P3.64

of 0.30 kg/s. If the pipe reduces to 0.25-1000-diameter determine the

force per unit area difference between these two sections. Assume incom-

pressible, inglutinous flow.

3.66 Water is pumped from a lake through an 8-in. pipage at a charge per unit of

If glutinous effects are negligible, what is the pressure in the

suction pipe anethe pipe between the lake and the pumptwo at an eleva-

tion 6 ft above the lake?

3.67 Air flows through a 5enturi aqueduct of rectangular cantankerous sec-

tion as shown in Video V3.10 and Fig. P3.67. The constant width of

the channel is 0.06 k and the height at the exit is 0.04 m. Com-

pressibility and viscous effects are negligible. (a) Decide the

flowrate when due westater is drawn upwards 0.10 m in a small tube attached

to the static pressure tap at the pharynx where the aqueduct elevation is

0.02 thou. (b) Determine the channel acme, at section (two)

where, for the same flowrate as in part (a), the water is drawn upwards

0.05 thou. (c) Decide the pressure needed at section (one) to pro-

duce this flow.

10 ft



Air

0.02m

0.04 m

0.x m

Water

0.05 m

0.04 1000

(2)

(1)

b = width = 0.06 m

Free jet

3.68 Water flows steadily from the large open tank shown in Fig.

P3.68. If viscous furnishings are negligible, determine (a) the flowrate,

Q, and (b) the manometer reading, h.

0.10 grand

0.08 m

two m

iv m

Mercury

iii.69 Water from a faucet fills a 16-oz glass (volume  28.ix in.

) in

20 south. If the bore of the jet leaving the faucet is 0.sixty in., what is

the diameter of the jet when it strikes the water surface in the glass

which is positioned 14 in. below the faucet?

three.70 Air flows steadily through a converging–diverging rectangu-

lar channel of abiding width as shown in Fig. P3.70 and Video

V3.10. The height of the aqueduct at the exit and the exit velocity

are and respectively. The channel is to exist shaped so that the

altitude, d , that water is drawn upwards into tubes attached to static

pressure taps along the channel wall is linear with distance along

the channel. That is, where L is the channel length

and is the maximum water depth (at the minimum channel

height; ). Determine the height, as a function of x and

the other of import parameters.

H i x 2 , x  L

max

d  ane d

max



50 2 10,

, H

JWCL068_ch03_093-146.qxd 8/19/08 10:30 PM Folio 139

*3.71 The device shown in Fig. P3.71 is used to spray an appro-

priate mixture of h2o and insecticide. The flowrate from tank A is

to be Q

 0.02 gal/min when the h2o flowrate through the hose

is Q  1 gal/min. Determine the pressure needed at point (1) and

the bore, D, of the device For the diameter adamant above,

plot the ratio of insecticide flowrate to westater flowrate as a office

of water flowrate, Q , for gal/min. Can this device be

used to provide a reasonably constant ratio of insecticide to water

regardless of the water flowrate? Explicate.

0.1  Q  1

3.74 Air at and 14.7 psia flows into the tank shown in Fig.

P3.74. Determine the flowrate in lb  s, and slugs  s. Assume in-

compressible flow.

three



south,

fourscore °F

three.75 Water flows from a large tank as shown in Fig. P3.75. At-

mospheric pressure is 14.five psia, and the vapor pressure is ane.lx psia.

If mucilaginous effects are neglected, at what meridian, h, will cavitation

begin? To avoid cavitation, should the value of exist increased or

decreased? To avert cavitation, should the value of be increased

or decreased? Explicate.

two

ane

140 Affiliate 3 ■ Elementary Fluid Dynamics—The Bernoulli Equation

Water

max

Air

H(x) H

x = 0

x = L

F I G U R E P3.seventy

F I G U R Eastward P3.74

F I Chiliad U R Due east P3.75

F I 1000 U R E P3.71

F I Thou U R E P3.72

F I G U R E P3.73

(1)

Q + Q

= Q

0.10-in. bore

0.015-in.

bore

Insecticide

Water

h = 6 in.

SG = 1.0

three.72 If viscous effects are neglected and the tank is big, deter-

mine the flowrate from the tank shown in Fig. P3.72.

Water

Oil,

SG = 0.81

2 m

0.7 m

fifty-mm

diameter

Oil SG = 0.7

Open

1.2 yard

1 yard

one.five grand

2 m

0.6-in.

bore

0.five in. Hg vacuum

Pump

= 4 in.

= 1 in.

= two in.

3.76 Westater flows into the sink shown in Fig. P3.76 and Video

V5.1 at a rate of 2 gal min. If the drain is closed, the westater will

eventually flow through the overflow bleed holes rather than over

the edge of the sink. How humany 0.four-in.-diameter drain holes are

needed to ensure that the water does not overflow the sink? Neglect

viscous effects.

three.73 Water flows steadily downward in the pipe shown in Fig.

3.73 with negligible losses. Determine the flowrate.

JWCL068_ch03_093-146.qxd 8/nineteen/08 ten:31 PM Page 140

3.78 Water is siphoned from the tank shown in Fig. P3.78. Deter-

mine the flowrate from the tank and the pressures at points i1ii, 1two2,

and 13ii if pasty effects are negligible.

3.79 Westwardater is siphoned from a large tank and discharges into

the temper through a ii-in.-diameter tube as shown in Fig.

P3.79. The end of the tube is 3 ft belodue west the tank lesser, and vis-

cous furnishings are negligible. (a) Determine the volume flowrate

from the tank. (b) Determine the maximum peak, H , over

which the water can be siphoned without cavitation occurring.

Atmospheric pressure is xiv.7 psia, and the h2o vapor pressure

is 0.26 psia.

3.81 Air flows steadily through the variable surface area piping shown in

Fig. P3.81. Determine the flowrate if gluey and compressibility

effects are negligible.

3.82 JP-4 fuel flows through the 5enturi meter

shown in Fig. P3.82 with a fiveelocity of xv ft due south in the 6-in. piping.

If glutinous effects are negligible, determine the elevation, h ,of

the fuel in the open tube connected to the pharynx of the Venturi

meter.

i SG  0.77 2

Problems

141

F I Yard U R East P3.77

F I G U R Due east P3.78

F I M U R Eastward P3.lxxx

F I Grand U R E P3.81

F I Thousand U R Due east P3.79

F I G U R E P3.76

3.77 What force per unit area, is needed to produce a flowrate of

0.09 from the tank shown in Fig. P3.77?

three



due south

one

Q = ii gal/min

ane in.

0.iv-in. diameter

holes

Stopper

Air

Gasoline

Table salt water

SG = 1.1

0.06-ft diameter

iii.six ft

2.0 ft

(one)

(2)

(3)

five ft

four ft

0.1 ft

3 ft

ii-in. diameter

three ft

ix ft

3.80 Determine the manometer reading, h, for the period shown in

Fig. P3.lxxx.

0.37 m

0.05-m diameter

Free

jet

0.08-thousand

diameter

0.ane m

H2o

0.1 m

0.2 m

JWCL068_ch03_093-146.qxd eight/xix/08 x:31 PM Page 141

3.85 Westwardater, considered an ingluey, incompressible fluid, flows

steadily every bit shown in Fig. P3.85. Determine h.

3.86 Determine the flowrate through the submerged orifice shown

in Fig. P3.86 if the contraction coefficient is C

 0.63.

*iii.87 An inexpensive timer is to be made from a funnel as indi-

cated in Fig. P3.87. The funnel is filled to the peak with h2o and the

plug is removed at time t  0 to let the h2o to run out. Marks

are to be placed on the wall of the funnel indicating the time in xv-southward

intervals, from 0 to 3 min (at which time the funnel becomes empty).

If the funnel outlet has a bore of d  0.ane in., describe to scale the

funnel with the timing marks for funnels with angles of , 45,

and sixty°. Repeat the problem if the diameter is changed to 0.05 in.

u  30

142 Chapter 3 ■ Simple Fluid Dynamics—The Bernoulli Equation

0.8 ft

5 ft

= l in.

A = 20 in.

Oil

SG = 0.86

SG = 2.5

F I G U R Due east P3.84

F I G U R E P3.85

0.5-ft diameter 1-ft bore

Q = four ft

3 ft

Water

Air

fifteen

1:00

Plug

1:15

F I G U R Due east P3.87

2 ft

0.i in.

90°

F I Yard U R E P3.88

*3.89 A spherical tank of diameter D has a drain hole of bore

d at its lesser. A vent at the pinnacle of the tank maintains atmospheric

pressure at the liquid surface inside the tank. The flow is quasi-

steady and inviscid and the tank is full of h2o initially. Determine

the h2o depth as a office of time, and plot graphs of

h 1t2 for tank diameters of 1, 5, ten, and xx ft if

3.90 When the bleed plug is pulled, h2o flows from a hole in the

bottom of a large, open up cylindrical tank. Bear witness that if viscous ef-

fects are negligible and if the flodue west is causeless to be quasisteady,

then it takes 3.41 times longer to empty the unabridged tank than it does

to empty the get-go one-half of the tank. Explain why this is so.

*3.91 The surface surface area, A , of the pond shown in Fig. P3.91 varies

with the water depth, h, every bit shown in the tabular array. At time a valve is t  0

d  1 in.

h  h 1 t 2 ,

F I K U R E P3.82

5 = 15 ft/s

6 in.

8 in.

iv in.

JP-iv fuel

half dozen ft

6 in.

20°

three.83 Repeat Problem 3.82 if the flowing fluid is water rather than

JP-four fuel.

3.84 Oil flows through the organization shown in Fig. P3.84 with negli-

gible losses. Determine the flowrate.

ii ft

6 ft

4 ft

3-in.

diameter

F I One thousand U R E P3.86

3.88 A long water trough of triangular cross department is formed from

two planks as is shown in Fig. P3.88. A gap of 0.1 in. remains at the

junction of the ii planks. If the h2o depth initially wequally 2 ft, how

long a time does it take for the h2o depth to reduce to 1 ft?

JWCL068_ch03_093-146.qxd eight/19/08 10:31 PM Page 142

3.92 Westater flows through a horizontal branching piping equally shown in

Fig. P3.92. Determine the pressure at department (3).

iii.93 Due westater flows through the horizontal branching pipe shown in

Fig. P3.93 at a charge per unit of If viscid effects are negligible, de-

termine the h2o speed at section 1two2, the pressure at section 132,

and the flowrate at department 1iv2.

10 ft



south.

three.94 Water flows from a large tank through a big pipe that splits

into two smaller pipes as shown in Fig. P3.94. If viscous effects are

negligible, determine the flowrate from the tank and the pressure at

betoken i12.

three.95 An air absorber vehicle is supported by forcing air into the

chamber created past a skirt around the periphery of the vehicle as

shown in Fig. P3.95. The air escapes through the 3-in. clearance exist-

tween the lower end of the skirt and the ground (or due westater). Assume

the vehicle weighs 10,000 lb and is essentially rectangular in shape,

30 past 65 ft. The volume of the chamber is large enough then that the

kinetic energy of the air within the chamber is negligible. Deter-

mine the flowrate, Q, needed to support the vehicle. If the ground

clearance were reduced to 2 in., what flowrate due westould exist needed? If

the vehicle weight were reduced to 5000 lb and the basis clear-

ance maintained at 3 in., what flowrate would be needed?

3.96 Westwardater flows from the pipe shown in Fig. P3.96 as a free jet and

strikes a circular flat plate. The flow geometry shown is axisymmet-

rical. Determine the flowrate and the manometer reading, H .

3.97 Air flows from a hole of bore 0.03 m in a apartment plate as

shown in Fig. P3.97. A circular disk of diameter D is placed a dis-

tance h from the lower plate. The pressure in the tank is maintained

at 1 kPa. Determine the flowrate as a function of h if pasty

Problems

143

Area A

3 ft

F I G U R E P3.91

F I G U R East P3.92

F I G U R E P3.95

h (ft) A [acres (i acre ⫽ 43,560 ft

)]

2 0.3

4 0.5

six 0.eight

8 0.9

10 1.one

12 1.v

fourteen 1.8

16 ii.4

xviii two.eight

= four m/s

= 400 kPa

= 0.i 1000

two

= 350 kPa

= 0.07 1000

two

= 0.02 chiliad

(ii)

(3)

(one)

= 1 ft

ane

= 10 ft

= 10 psi

two

= 0.07 ft

= 5.0 psi

(two)

= 0.two ft

= 20 ft /s

(4)

(3)

(i)

F I G U R E P3.93

F I Chiliad U R E P3.96

7 chiliad

3 g

0.05-m diameter

0.03-m bore

0.02-k diameter

(1)

F I G U R E P3.94

Skirt

Fan

Vehicle

three in.

0.2 m

0.01-chiliad

diameter

0.4 mm

0.one-1000

diameter

Pipage

opened and the pond is allowed to bleed through a pipage of diameter D .

If sticky furnishings are negligible and quasisteady weather are every bit-

sumed, plot the water depth as a function of fourth dimension from when the valve

is opened until the pond is drained for piping diameters of

and iii.0 ft. Assume at . t  0 h  18 ft D  0.v, one.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.five,

ane t  0 2

JWCL068_ch03_093-146.qxd 8/19/08 10:31 PM Page 143

3.99 Due westater flows steadily from a nozzle into a large tank as shown

in Fig. P3.99. The water so flows from the tank as a jet of diame-

ter d . Determine the fivealue of d if the water level in the tank remains

constant. Fiveiscous effects are negligible.

three.100 A small bill of fare is placed on tiptop of a spool every bit shown in

Fig. P3.100. It is not possible to blow the bill of fare off the spool by

blowing air through the hole in the center of the spool. The harder

one blows, the harder the card "sticks" to the spool. In fact, by

blowing hard enough it is possible to 1000eep the card against the

spool with the spool turned upside down. 1Notation: It may be neces-

sary to utilize a thumb tack to prevent the card from sliding from the

spool.2 Explain this phenomenon.

three.101 Water flows down the sloping ramp shown in Fig. P3.101

with negligible sticky effects. The flowest is uniform at sections 1ane2

and 12ii . For the conditions given, testify that 3 solutions for the

downstream depth, are obtained by use of the Bernoulli and con-

tinuity equations. However, show that only 2 of these solutions

are realistic. Determine these values.

3.102 Water flows in a rectangular channel that is ii.0 k wide as

shown in Fig. P3.102. The upstream depth is seventy mm. The h2o sur-

confront rises 40 mm as it passes over a portion where the channel bottom

rises 10 mm. If viscid effects are negligible, what is the flowrate?

*three.103 Westwardater flows up the ramp shown in Fig. P3.103 with negligi-

ble pasty losses. The upstream depth and velocity are maintained at

and Plot a graph of the downstream depth,

as a function of the ramp elevation, H , for Note that

for each value of H there are three solutions, not all of which are re-

alistic.

0  H  two m. h

 six m



s. h

 0.three m

144 Chapter 3 ■ Elementary Fluid Dynamics—The Bernoulli Equation

0.23 m

Q = 0.50 m

Pipe

Free jet

0.20 one thousand

0.02 m

Cone

F I Yard U R E P3.98

F I M U R E P3.99

1 ft

3 ft

four ft

0.fifteen-ft diameter

0.ane-ft diameter

Card

Spool

F I Chiliad U R East P3.100

= 10 ft/due south

= one ft

H = 2 ft

F I G U R E P3.101

F I G U R E P3.102

F I K U R Eastward P3.103

10 mm

100 mm

70 mm

= 6 m/s

= 0.3 grand

effects and elevation changes are causeless negligible and the flow

exits radially from the circumference of the circular disk with uni-

form velocity.

3.98 A conical plug is used to regulate the air flow from the

pipe shown in Fig. P3.98. The air leaves the edge of the cone

with a compatible thickness of 0.02 m. If viscous furnishings are negli-

gible and the flowrate is determine the pressure

within the pipe.

0.fifty m



southward,

F I Chiliad U R E P3.97

p = 1.0 kPa

= 0.fifteen yard

0.03-m diameter

Tank

Plate

JWCL068_ch03_093-146.qxd 8/19/08 10:31 PM Page 144

3.107 For what flowrate through the Venturi meter of Problem

iii.106 volition cavitation begin if kPa gage, atmospheric pres-

sure is 101 kPa 1abstwo , and the vapor pressure is 3.half dozen kPa aneabs2?

3.108 What diameter orifice pigsty, d, is needed if under ideal con-

ditions the flowrate through the orifice meter of Fig. P3.108 is to be

30 gal min of oceanwater with The contrac-

tion coefficient is assumed to exist 0.63.

one

 p

 2.37 lb



in.

 275

3.109 Water flows over a weir plate (run into Video V10.thirteen) which has

a parabolic opening equally shown in Fig. P3.109. That is, the opening in

the weir plate has a width where C is a constant. Determine

the functional dependence of the flowrate on the caput, Q  Q 1 H 2 .



3.110 A weir (see Video V10.13) of trapezoidal cantankerous section is

used to measure out the flowrate in a aqueduct as shown in Fig. P3.110.

If the flowrate is when what flowrate is expected

when H  / ?

H  /



2, Q

3.111 The flowrate in a water channel is sometimes determined past

use of a device called a Venturi flume. Equally shown in Fig. P3.111, this

device consists only of a hump on the lesser of the channel. If

the h2o surface dips a distance of 0.07 yard for the weather

shown, what is the flowrate per width of the channel? Assume the

velocity is uniform and viscous effects are negligible.

3.112 Water flows nether the inclined sluice gate shown in

Fig. P3.112. Determine the flowrate if the gate is eight ft wide.

Department three.seven The Energy Line and the Hydraulic

Grade Line

three.113 Water flows in a vertical pipe of 0.15-chiliad diameter at a rate of

and a pressure level of 200 kPa at an elevation of 25 m. Decide

the velocity caput and force per unit area caput at elevations of 20 and 55 m.

3.114 Draw the free energy line and the hydraulic grade line for the

flow shown in Problem 3.78.

3.115 Draw the energy line and the hydraulic grade line for the

flow of Problem 3.75.

3.116 Describe the free energy line and hydraulic form line for the flow

shown in Problem iii.64.

Section iii.8 Restrictions on the Utilize of the Bernoulli

Equation

3.117 Obtain a photograph/image of a flow in which it would not

be appropriate to use the Bernoulli equation. Print this photo and

write a brief paragraph that describes the state of affairs involved.

0.2 m

iii



Problems

145

Section 3.6.3 Flowrate Measurement (Also encounter Lab

Problems 3.119 and 3.121.)

iii.104 Obtain a photo/paradigm of a situation that involves some

type of flow meter. Impress this photo and write a brief paragraph that

describes the situation involved.

3.105 A Venturi meter with a minimum diameter of three in. is to be

used to measure the flowrate of due westater through a 4-in.-bore

pipage. Make up one's mind the force per unit area difference indicated by the pressure

gage fastened to the flow meter if the flowrate is 0.v ft

/southward and vis-

cous effects are negligible.

3.106 Make up one's mind the flowrate through the Fiveenturi meter shown in

Fig. P3.106 if ideal weather condition be.

F I 1000 U R E P3.108

F I G U R E P3.109

F I G U R East P3.112

F I G U R E P3.110

F I G U R E P3.111

F I G U R East P3.106

= 735 kPa

two

= 550 kPa

19 mm

31 mm

= ix.i kN/m

2-in.

diameter

1/2



30°

0.07 m

0.2 g

1.2 m

Five

two

Five

half-dozen ft

1.6 ft

1 ft

30°

JWCL068_ch03_093-146.qxd 8/19/08 10:31 PM Page 145

■ Lab Problems

3.118 This problem involves the pressure distribution betwixt

two parallel circular plates. To keep with this problem, go to Ap-

pendix H which is located on the book's web site, www.wiley.com/

college/munson.

3.119 This problem involves the scale of a nozzle-blazon

flow meter. To keep with this problem, go to Appendix H which

is located on the book'due south web site, www.wiley.com/college/munson.

iii.120 This problem involves the pressure distribution in a ii-

dimensional channel. To proceed with this trouble, go to Appen-

dix H which is located on the book's web site, world wide web.wiley.com/

college/munson.

three.121 This trouble involves the determination of the flowrate united nations-

der a sluice gate as a office of the water depth. To proceed with

this problem, go to A ppendix H which is located on the book's spider web

site, www.wiley.com/college/munson.

■ Life Long Learning Problems

three.122 The concept of the use of a Pitot-static tube to measure out the

airspeed of an plane is rather straightforward. However, the de-

sign and manufacture of reliable, accurate, inexpensive Pitot-static

tube airspeed indicators is not necessarily simple. Obtain informa-

tion about the design and structure of modern Pitot-static tubes.

Summarize your findings in a brief report.

3.123 In recent years damage due to hurricanes has been signifi-

deceit, particularly in the southeastern United states of america. The low baro-

metric pressure, high winds, and high tides generated by hurri-

canes can combine to cause considerable damage. According to

some experts, in the coming years hurricane frequency may in-

crease because of global warming. Obtain information about the

fluid mechanics of hurricanes. Summarize your findings in a brief

report.

three.124 Orifice, nozzle, or Fiveenturi flow meters take been used for a

long fourth dimension to predict accurately the flowrate in pipes. However, re-

cently at that place have been several new concepts suggested or used for

such flowrate measurements. Obtain information about new meth-

ods to obtain piping flowrate information. Summarize your findings

in a brief report.

3.125 Ultra-high-pressure level, thin jets of liquids can be used to cut

various materials ranging from leather to steel and beyond. Ob-

tain information about new methods and techniques proposed for

liquid jet cut and investigate how they may modify various

manufacturing processes. Summarize your findings in a brief

report.

■ FE Test Bug

Sample FE (Fundamentals of Engineering) test questions for fluid

mechanics are provided on the book'southward spider web site, www.wiley.com/

college/munson.

146 Chapter 3 ■ Elementary Fluid Dynamics—The Bernoulli Equation

JWCL068_ch03_093-146.qxd 8/19/08 ten:31 PM Folio 146

Determine the Flowrate if the Pressure in Each of the Gages Reads 50 Kpa

Source: https://www.studmed.ru/view/munson-br-fundamentals-of-fluid-mechanics_4bbd3d50807.html?page=17

Kirton Womand

Determine the Flowrate if the Pressure in Each of the Gages Reads 50 Kpa

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